Last month, the Federal Trade Commission filed a major complaint in federal district court alleging that Amazon is an illegal monopoly. The FTC may be able to win its case. But given the limits of American antitrust law, that legal victory would do little to curb Amazon’s economic power.

To prevail, the FTC — which is joined by 17 states in its lawsuit — must show that Amazon’s business practices unfairly harm its competitors and customers. The agency is challenging several of Amazon’s practices, but its strongest argument is that Amazon punishes merchants who offer lower prices on any other online platform.

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Prasad Krishnamurthy is a professor of law at the UC Berkeley School of Law.

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